Table Of Contents
  • Home
  • Acknowledgements
  • Foreword
  • Executive Summary
  • Chapter 1: Introduction to Biodiversity Finance
    • Chapter Cover
    • 1.1 What is Biodiversity?
    • 1.2 Why Biodiversity Matters
      • 1.2.1 Understanding the value of biodiversity for achieving the SDGs
      • 1.2.2 Global biodiversity trends
    • 1.3 The State of Biodiversity Finance
    • 1.4 Finance Solutions for Biodiversity
      • 1.4.1 Finance solutions
      • 1.4.2 Finance results
      • 1.4.3 Finance instruments
      • 1.4.4 Lead agent or intermediary
      • 1.4.5 Beneficiary or main stakeholders
      • 1.4.6 Finance source
    • 1.5 Public and Private Finance
      • 1.5.1 Understanding public finance solutions: government policies and budgets
      • 1.5.2 Finance solutions involving the private sector
    • Annex I: Making the Case: Economics and Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services
  • Chapter 2: The Biodiversity Finance Initiative
    • Chapter Cover
    • 2.1 Introduction
      • 2.1.1 Objectives of this chapter
      • 2.1.2 How to use the Workbook
    • 2.2 The Biodiversity Finance Initiative
      • 2.2.1 The BIOFIN approach
      • 2.2.2 The BIOFIN methodology
    • 2.3 Integrating the BIOFIN Methodology into the National Context
      • 2.3.1 Prerequisites for BIOFIN implementation
      • 2.3.2 Modalities of engagement with national stakeholders
      • 2.3.3 Public sector: Promote partnerships between conservation and finance actors
      • 2.3.4 Private sector: innovate and build new alliances
      • 2.3.5 Development partners: finding synergies
      • 2.3.6 Civil society: partner and empower
    • 2.4 The Inception Stage
      • 2.4.1 Conducting a rapid screening of the policy context
      • 2.4.2 Establishing the BIOFIN coordination and management framework
      • 2.4.3 Constituting the national BIOFIN team
      • 2.4.4 Staging the first national consultation on biodiversity finance
      • 2.4.5 Scoping for gender and biodiversity finance
      • 2.4.6 Capture initial baseline findings in an inception report
    • 2.5 Communicating Biodiversity Finance
  • Chapter 3: The Biodiversity Finance Policy and Institutional Review
    • Chapter Cover
    • 3.1 Introduction
      • 3.1.1 Objectives
      • 3.1.2 What are Policy and Institutional Reviews?
    • 3.2 PIR Steps
      • Step 3.1: Preparations
      • Step 3.2: Review national biodiversity strategies, sustainable development strategies, and economic linkages between them
        • Step 3.2A: National Biodiversity Plans and other biodiversity policy documents
        • Step 3.2B: Review the role of biodiversity within sustainable development planning
        • Step 3.2C: Collect existing evidence of the economic value of nature and its contribution to sustainable development
      • Step 3.3: Identify important trends and drivers for biodiversity change
        • Step 3.3A: Identify the main positive and negative trends in biodiversity
        • Step 3.3B: Underlying drivers and levers of change
      • Step 3.4: Review the current state of biodiversity finance
        • Step 3.4A: Mapping existing finance instruments and related legislation
        • Step 3.4B: Reviewing the national budgeting process
        • Step 3.4C: Analysing biodiversity-related revenues
        • Step 3.4D: Supportive and harmful subsidies
      • Step 3.5: Analyse main institutions
        • Step 3.5A: Identify the main institutions and organizations
        • Step 3.5B: Analyse each main institution to produce a score on interest and influence scale
        • Step 3.5C: Review priority institutions and develop the stakeholder engagement plan
      • Step 3.6: Summary and recommendations
  • Chapter 4: The Biodiversity Expenditure Review
    • Chapter Cover
    • 4.1 Introduction
      • 4.1.1 Objectives
      • 4.1.2 Main concepts
      • 4.1.3 The Biodiversity Expenditure Review process
      • 4.1.4 Links to other chapters
    • 4.2 BER Implementation Step
      • Step 4.1: Preparations
      • Step 4.2: Defining the main parameters of the Biodiversity Expenditure Review
        • Step 4.2A: Definition of biodiversity expenditures
        • Step 4.2B: Classification of expenditures
        • Step 4.2C: Attribution of biodiversity expenditures
      • Step 4.3: Data Collection
      • Step 4.4: Data analysis
        • Step 4.4A: National macroeconomic context
        • Step 4.4B: Biodiversity spending in the national context
        • Step 4.4C: Public revenue sources from biodiversity and ecosystem services
        • Step 4.4D: Relationships among budgets, allocation and expenditures
      • Step 4.5: Project future expenditures
    • 4.3 Reporting and Outreach
    • Annex I: Examples of BER Results from Namibia and Philippines
    • Annex II: The BIOFIN Expenditures Categories
    • Annex III: Example of Attribution Rates Adopted by BIOFIN Countries
  • Chapter 5: Biodiversity Financial Needs Assessment
    • Chapter Cover
    • 5.1 Introduction
      • 5.1.1 Objectives
      • 5.1.2 The FNA process
      • 5.1.3 Links to other chapters
    • 5.2 Methods for the Financial Needs Assessment
      • 5.2.1 Terminology and principles
      • 5.2.2 Approaches to costing
    • 5.3 FNA Implementation Steps
      • Step 5.1: Preparations
      • Step 5.2: Scope and clarify the biodiversity targets, and ctions including the NBSAP
        • Step 5.2A: Review and refine the scope
        • Step 5.2B: Use a logical framework to structure and clarify actions and results
        • Step 5.2C: Prioritize initial pre-costing
      • Step 5.3: Desktop study and initial costing tables
        • Step 5.3A: Identify budget units and standard costs
        • Step 5.3B: Build cost tables
      • Step 5.4: Refine cost models with expert input
      • Step 5.5: Analyse costing results
      • Step 5.6: Estimate unmet biodiversity finance needs
    • 5.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
    • Annex I: Examples of FNA Results
  • Chapter 6: The Biodiversity Finance Plan
    • Chapter Cover
    • 6.1 Introduction
      • 6.1.1 Objectives
      • 6.1.2 Finance solutions and plans
      • 6.1.3 Private investment in biodiversity
    • 6.2 Steps for the Biodiversity Finance Plan
      • Step 6.1: Preparations
      • Step 6.2: Gather baseline information and establish the context
      • Step 6.3: Create comprehensive list of potential finance solutions
      • Step 6.4: Screen and prioritize the finance solutions
        • Step 6.4A: Rapid screening
        • Step 6.4B: Detailed screening
      • Step 6.5: Develop technical proposals for priority solutions
      • Step 6.6: Formulate a case for investment
      • Step 6.7: Write and validate the Biodiversity Finance Plan
  • Chapter 7: Implementation
    • Chapter Cover
    • 7.1 Sustainability of the BIOFIN Process
      • 7.1.1 Normative framework
      • 7.1.2 Organizational framework
      • 7.1.3 Behaviour and perceptions
    • 7.2 Implementing the Finance Plan and Finance Solutions
      • 7.2.1 Planning and managing finance solutions
      • 7.2.2 Applying safeguards
      • 7.2.3 M&E frameworks for individual finance solutions
    • Annex I: Further Guidance On Finance Solutions
  • Glossary
  • Appendix I: The Aichi Biodiversity Targets
  • Appendix II: The Economic Appraisal
  • Appendix III: Sector and Organization List
  • Photo Gallery
  • Graphics and Illustrations
  • Homepage
  • Executive Summary
  • Chapters
    Foreword Chapter 1: Introduction to Biodiversity Finance Chapter 2: The Biodiversity Finance Initiative Chapter 3: The Biodiversity Finance Policy and Institutional Review Chapter 4: The Biodiversity Expenditure Review Chapter 5: Biodiversity Financial Needs Assessment Chapter 6: The Biodiversity Finance Plan Chapter 7: Implementation
  • Acknowledgements
  • Homepage
  • Acknowledgements
  • Executive Summary
  • Chapters

 

Chapter 4
The Biodiversity Expenditure Review

  • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.1.1 Objectives
    • 4.1.2 Main concepts
    • 4.1.3 The Biodiversity Expenditure Review process
    • 4.1.4 Links to other chapters
  • 4.2 BER Implementation Step
    • Step 4.1: Preparations
    • Step 4.2: Defining the main parameters of the Biodiversity Expenditure Review
      • Step 4.2A: Definition of biodiversity expenditures
      • Step 4.2B: Classification of expenditures
      • Step 4.2C: Attribution of biodiversity expenditures
    • Step 4.3: Data Collection
    • Step 4.4: Data analysis
      • Step 4.4A: National macroeconomic context
      • Step 4.4B: Biodiversity spending in the national context
      • Step 4.4C: Public revenue sources from biodiversity and ecosystem services
      • Step 4.4D: Relationships among budgets, allocation and expenditures
    • Step 4.5: Project future expenditures
  • 4.3 Reporting and Outreach

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