Knowledge base

The "Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (BSAP) for Himachal Pradesh and the Resource Mobilisation Strategy for Implementing the BSAP with Special Focus on Lahaul-Pangi and Kinnaur Landscapes” covers important issues around conservation of biodiversity in Himachal Pradesh through an exhaustive research including field visits and stakeholder consultations. The empirical analysis and investigations have led to a number policy recommendations which will be extremely useful to the central government and the government of Himachal Pradesh in their efforts to improve the status of biodiversity, natural resources and ecosystem services in the state and the identified landscapes

Identification and analysis of the key building blocks for a Biodiversity Finance Plan in India, including identification of revenue sources and type of instruments used to mobilise capital for biodiversity at the central government level and mapping revenue flows to the central government from biodiversity. 

The state of Uttarakhand is most vulnerable to climate mediated risks. Mountainous regions are vulnerable to climate change and have shown “above average warming” in the 20th century. The Uttarakhand Action Plan on Climate Change (UAPCC) has been formulated in accordance with the principles and guidelines of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). The UAPCC integrates the action plan of Uttarakhand with the ongoing and proposed developmental programmes in the state, and in tandem with the eight national missions along with the principles and guidelines listed out in the NAPCC.

The “Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (BSAP) of Sikkim and the Resource Mobilisation Strategy for implementing the BSAP with the focus on Khangchendzonga – Upper Teesta Valley” covers important issues around conservation of biodiversity in Sikkim, India, undertaken through exhaustive research including desk based, empirical and policy research, field visits and stakeholder consultations. The empirical analysis and investigations have enabled a number of policy recommendations which will be extremely useful to the central government and the government of Sikkim in their efforts to improve the status of biodiversity, natural resources and ecosystem services in the state and the identified landscapes.

A Biodiversity Expenditure Review is focused on all types of expenditure contributing to sustainable biodiversity protection and management. Along with the public-sector expenditures, private sector spending and spending by international donor organizations, and NGOs are analyzed. Based on these analyses, there are calculated total expenditure figures, useful to summarize the BD financing trends and status on national level. 

La biodiversidad, en su sentido más amplio, es la riqueza de la vida en la Tierra. En el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CDB), se define como “la variabilidad de organismos vivos de cualquier fuente, incluidos, entre otras cosas, los ecosistemas terrestres y marinos y otros ecosistemas acuáticos y los complejos ecológicos de los que forman parte; comprende la diversidad dentro de cada especie, entre las especies y de los ecosistemas ”. La biodiversidad ocurre en todos los niveles –genético, especies y ecosistemas– y se ejemplifica comúnmente con la amplia variedad de especies de plantas, animales y microorganismos que existen en el planeta. Hasta la fecha se han descubierto y documentado alrededor de 1.8 millones de especies diferentes (Vié et al. 2009), pero este número apenas roza la superficie; la mejor estimación de trabajo del número total de especies en la Tierra, documentadas y sin documentar, es de alrededor de 8 millones, el 75% de las cuales son insectos (IPBES 2019).

La biodiversidad, en su sentido más amplio, es la riqueza de la vida en la Tierra. En el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CDB), se define como “la variabilidad de organismos vivos de cualquier fuente, incluidos, entre otras cosas, los ecosistemas terrestres y marinos y otros ecosistemas acuáticos y los complejos ecológicos de los que forman parte; comprende la diversidad dentro de cada especie, entre las especies y de los ecosistemas ”. La biodiversidad ocurre en todos los niveles –genético, especies y ecosistemas– y se ejemplifica comúnmente con la amplia variedad de especies de plantas, animales y microorganismos que existen en el planeta. Hasta la fecha se han descubierto y documentado alrededor de 1.8 millones de especies diferentes (Vié et al. 2009), pero este número apenas roza la superficie; la mejor estimación de trabajo del número total de especies en la Tierra, documentadas y sin documentar, es de alrededor de 8 millones, el 75% de las cuales son insectos (IPBES 2019).

For Thailand’s biodiversity finance perspective, UNDP has conducted the review of biodiversity-related expenditures for all government agencies from 2016 – 2020. The key findings show that the bulk of biodiversity finance in Thailand come from government budget. Budget data shows that responsibility for biodiversity-related activities rests mainly on three core environmental agencies – Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, and Royal Forest Department. All three are within Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, placing the ministry at the center of biodiversity conservation and management efforts in Thailand. This provides a constant stream of funds necessary for maintaining conservation and research activities in the country. Though the total biodiversity-related expenditures fluctuate, the proportion of the figures to Thailand’s nominal gross domestic product (GDP) remains constant at 0.08 percent from 2017 to 2020. However, when comparing biodiversity expenditures with total expenditures, there is a slight downward trend. The figure dropped from 0.53 percent in 2016 to 0.46 percent in 2018 to 0.38 percent in 2020.  For 2020, the findings show that approximately THB12 billion (US$360 million) per year has been allocated for ‘biodiversity action agenda’ in the country. Data also shows the task of safeguarding biodiversity cannot be accomplished by environmental agencies alone. The work of a wide range of agencies is also crucial to maintaining and developing biodiversity resources.

Finance Solution - "Measuring and Addressing Potential Adverse Impacts on Biodiversity From Agricultural Subsidies" - Report on Detailed Analysis of Existing and Planned RDA Programs. Prepared by: Joint Venture - Dzelkva LTD and NNLE "Ecolution Georgia" for Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN).