Increasing ODA flows through better programming and delivery, training on grant preparations or other targeted efforts. Official agencies, including state and local governments, or their executive agencies channel aid to recipient countries with the objective to address environmental challenges. The donor(s) transfers financial resources to awarded programmes and projects directly or indirectly through accredited agencies, private companies, and civil society organizations (NGOs). Although the most common disbursement is grant financing, funding may come in a variety of forms, including concessional loans, guarantees and equity. For the latter modalities in particular, OECD guidelines can be applied to define the type of aid provided. 

Nature and conservation receive large amount of resources from private donations and philanthropies. Different fund-raising strategies and marketing campaigns are used by non-governmental organizations and conservation societies to raise funding from private citizens including memberships, fundraising events, etc.

Allows customers to conduct financial transactions using mobile devices. Due to the higher cost of traditional banking (i.e. establishment of physical presence) in developing countries, mobile banking expands financial inclusion among the poor and among populations living in remote locations. Beyond commercial banking services, the same system can be used to pay taxes, receive Government benefits or regulate other payments (e.g. payments for ecosystem services). Associated systems allow for microenterprise loans financing solar panels and other environmentally beneficial investments.

Reform, green or phase out a subsidy that directly or indirectly harms biodiversity. Subsidies can take the form of direct transfers, tax credits, and regulatory advantages that generate economic or financial benefits to the recipient. A wider definition may include implicit subsidies which are defined by the failure of internalize negative externalities to the environment (e.g. pollution). Subsidies are usually set and organized within economic sectors. Subsidies harmful to biodiversity include various measures in agriculture, fisheries, transport and infrastructure, construction, land used change, forestry and energy.  Reforming or reducing these harmful subsidies can result in government savings and reduced future environmental costs. 

Identify and model policy interventions that can lower the barriers that hold back private investment in biodiversity-friendly sectors. The aim is to lower the capital costs of investment and achieve a better risk-return profile for investors and for companies receiving financing. The analytical framework and model developed for renewable energy may be adapted to conservation investments.

State owned investment funds capitalized from royalties on oil and gas. Available resources are invested in capital and equity markets to achieve returns. These returns are either re-invested or distributed to the Government or other recipient entities. Their investment policies can be oriented towards sustainable standards and practices-for example by investing a percentage of the capital in green bonds or impact investing. Similarly, the distribution of annual transfers may be earmarked to the environment and climate change-particularly due to the fact of the negative impact of oil and gas on the environment and climate.

Governments and civil society groups using lotteries as a means of raising funds for benevolent purposes such as education, health, historic preservation and nature conservation. The lotteries are a form of gambling that involves the drawing of lots for a prize, and include instant games, lotto, and electronic terminals. In Europe and the USA, some wildlife trusts and conservation organizations receive a large part of their funding from the proceeds of lotteries.

While budget allocations tend to be calculated on previous years' allocations by applying an incremental/decremental formula based on the fiscal capacity of the country (including past spending patterns, government priorities, lobbying, etc.), changes in allocation can be pursued by understanding and influencing the budget formulation process at both the technical and political level. Lobbying strategies may target both earmarked and non-earmarked resources (e.g. emergency funds, special funds).

Investment projects in biodiversity and green infrastructure can be included in the rolling investment plan of the Government. Inclusion of biodiveristy and sustainable development in medium term or long term strategic plans is essential. Development banks and donors can often increase likelihood of financing by providing targeted co-financing for specific projects.

Lobbying for additional allocations (or retention of current allocations in case of public cuts) towards conservation and biodiversity by line ministries or national, regional and local authorities. This requires a profound understanding of the budgeting process, a strong business case, and awareness raising, advocacy and communication efforts. Lobbying strategies may target both earmarked and non-earmarked resources (e.g. emergency funds, special funds).