Chad
Chad is home to diverse Saharan, Sahelian and Sudanian ecosystems, including internationally important wetlands and protected areas. These natural assets provide essential ecosystem services, supporting food and water security, livelihoods and climate resilience. However, biodiversity is increasingly threatened by climate change, desertification, land degradation, unsustainable resource use and growing pressures from agricultural and pastoral activities.
Biodiversity conservation is financed primarily through domestic public resources, complemented by international development partners, civil society and, to a lesser extent, the private sector. Financing remains fragmented across projects, programmes and institutions, making it difficult to systematically track biodiversity expenditure and assess whether available resources are effectively aligned with national biodiversity priorities.
UNDP BIOFIN is supporting the Government of Chad to build a more coordinated and evidence-based approach to biodiversity finance. Through the Policy and Institutional Review, Biodiversity Expenditure Review and Financial Needs Assessment, the initiative is assessing the policies and institutions that influence biodiversity finance, tracking existing financial flows and determining the resources needed to achieve national biodiversity priorities.
These assessments will provide the foundation for Chad’s Biodiversity Finance Plan, which will identify and prioritize practical finance solutions to improve the effectiveness of existing resources and mobilize additional public, private and international finance. The process will support implementation of Chad’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
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Finance solutions
1. Special Environment Fund (SEF)
Description: Strengthen and operationalize the Special Environment Fund as Chad's main national financing mechanism for biodiversity conservation. The fund will provide sustainable financing for protected areas, ecosystem restoration and the implementation of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP).
Stage: Strengthening existing mechanism
Lead Agencies / Partners: Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Finance.
2. Forest Products Levy
Description: Strengthen levies on forest products—including timber, gum arabic, shea and other non-timber forest products—to generate additional revenues dedicated to biodiversity conservation and sustainable forest management.
Stage: Under design
Lead Agencies / Partners: Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Finance
3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Registration Fees
Description: Improve the collection and allocation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) registration fees to finance environmental monitoring, biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration activities.
Stage: Strengthening existing mechanism
Lead Agencies / Partners: Ministry of Environment
4. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES)
Description: Develop Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes that provide financial incentives to local communities and natural resource managers for conserving ecosystems that deliver essential environmental services.
Stage: Under design
Lead Agencies / Partners: Ministry of Environment, Local Authorities, Local Communities
5. International Biodiversity and Climate Finance Mobilization
Description: Strengthen Chad's access to international biodiversity and climate finance, including the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF), the Adaptation Fund and other international financing mechanisms through the development of bankable projects.
Stage: Under design
Lead Agencies / Partners: Ministry of Environment, UNDP, Development Partners
Key results
Launching Chad’s Biodiversity Finance Assessments
Chad has initiated the three core BIOFIN assessments: the Policy and Institutional Review (PIR), Biodiversity Expenditure Review (BER) and Financial Needs Assessment (FNA). Together, these analyses will establish how biodiversity is currently financed, assess financing needs and gaps, and provide the evidence base for the country’s Biodiversity Finance Plan.
Building a Baseline for Biodiversity Expenditure
The Biodiversity Expenditure Review is examining biodiversity-related financial flows and public expenditure. This work will help address existing challenges in tracking biodiversity investment across institutions, projects and programmes and provide greater visibility of the resources currently directed towards biodiversity.
Assessing Opportunities to Strengthen Domestic Biodiversity Finance
The BIOFIN process is examining existing domestic financing mechanisms that could contribute more effectively to biodiversity. These include the Special Environment Fund, forest-product levies and Environmental Impact Assessment fees, with opportunities to strengthen their collection, management and contribution to conservation and ecosystem restoration.
Developing Biodiversity Finance Solutions
Five finance solutions are currently being explored, combining stronger domestic resource mobilization with new financing approaches. They include strengthening the Special Environment Fund, forest-product levies, EIA fees, Payments for Ecosystem Services and improved access to international biodiversity and climate finance.
Strengthening Institutional Coordination
BIOFIN is bringing together environmental, finance and other relevant institutions and stakeholders to strengthen coordination around biodiversity finance and support the development of Chad’s Biodiversity Finance Plan.